Apparatus for dyeing loose textile materials



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5 sheets-heet 5 m I @om n@ @d @d @w mi m n m www@ Y W f @WQ u Patented May 19, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FOR DYEING LOOSE TEXTILE MATERIALS Application July 14, 1934, Serial N0. 735,223

6 Claims.

'This invention relates to apparatus for dyeing loose textile materials and in particular an apparatus for dyeing such materials by puddling or pressing and releasing the material while immersed or partly immersed in a dye container which is under atmospheric pressure.

The apparatus is especially adapted for dyeing artificial silk yarn which is diicult to dye by the methods commonly applied to cotton yarn.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel dyeing apparatuswhich is eiiicient and thorough in its action and which is adapted to thoroughly impregnate the material while using small quantities of dye.

It is another object to provide such an apparatus i'n which selected portions of the material to be dyed may be treated with different dyes simultaneously while preventing intermixture or running together of the dyes.

It is a further object to provide such a device which may be simply and rapidly operated without the necessity of the exercise of special skill or judgment on the part of the operator.

Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine with parts broken away;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the machine omitting the dye reservoirs, and showing the measuring cups in horizontal section;

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the machine, on a larger scale than Figs. 1 and 2, showing one of the dye reservoirs in section;

Fig. 4 is a partial end elevation on a still larger scale showing one of the measuring cups and one of the puddling devices in vertical section;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detailed View of one of the puddling devices in vertical section; and

Fig. 6 is a vertical section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 2 showing the puddling devices and clamps.

The method of dyeing by means of the present apparatus is carried out by wholly or partly immersing the loose textile mass to be dyed in a quantity of liquid dye which need not be much greater than that necessary to permeate the material. The absorption of the dye in the material is caused by repeatedly compressing and releasing the material while immersed in the liquid. The pressing is accomplished without conning the dye, and is preferably done by squeezing the submerged -mass between perforated plates or screens. 'I'his process, which has been termed puddling, has proved very successful in causing a rapid and even absorption oi the dyeing liquid by loose masses of artificial silk yarn. kThe apparatus has especial advantage when applied to multi-colored dyeing owing to the fact that the dyeing is carried out without placing the dye liquor under pressure and, for this reason,A does not tend to force the dye into the parts of the mass between the parts which are to bev colored.

This apparatus includes means for tightly clamping short intermediate portions of masses y such as skeins of yarn, for submerging the parts of the skeins between the clamped portions in measured quantities of different colored dyes,

and causing the absorption of the dyes in the' different parts oi the skein by the puddling method.

The multi-color dyeing machine shown in the drawings has a table' l0, supported on legs Il, and standards I2 supporting a number of dye reservoirs Ma, |417, |4c, I4d behind and above the table.

On the table is a shallow trough or box 20 divided into compartments 2Ia, 2lb, 2Ic, 2id (Fig. 6) by transverse ridges 22 which are a little lower than the walls 23, 24 of the box. Each compartment has at its bottom an outlet opening 25 controlled by a valve 26. On the back wall of the box 20 are a plurality of inlet spouts 21 (Fig. 5) communicating with the compartments through holes 28 in the back wall. The floor of each compartment 2|a, 2lb, 2| c, 2| d, is provided with short spaced projections 29 for supporting a perforated plate 30 a short distance above the licor.

To the back wall of the box 20 is hinged a clamping member 40 having the form of an open frame with side and end walls 43, 44 (Figs. 2 and 6) adapted to rest on the side and end walls 23, 24 of the box. The clamping member has intermediate cross-pieces 42 extending below its side and end walls and adapted to lie close to the ribs 22 of the box, so that intermediate parts of skeins of yarn spread out in the box may be clamped between them. To insure an even fitting of the clamping member 40 on the box 20, a play is allowed in the hinges connecting the two. The hinge pivots 45 (Fig. 5) are fixed in flanges 46 on the back wall of the clamping member 40, and pass through slots 3i in anges 32 on the back wall of the box 20. Adjustable compression springs 33 carried by the flanges 32 react against the pivots 45 toprevent them from moving in the slots 3|, except when the clamping member is brought down against the box, in which case such slight movement of the pivots as may be necessary to insure a perfect t is permitted by the springs.

The clamping member also has a longitudinal cross-piece 42a in which are provided bearings 48 for the slide rods 49a, 49h, 49e, 49d to whose lower ends are iixed perforated plates 58a, 50h, 50c, 50d, one of which is opposed to the perforated plate 30 in each compartment. Pivoted handles 5| are provided for reciprocating the slide rods'49a, 49h, 49e, 49d. The handles, rods and the plates 50 are normally held in the raised position shown in the drawings by compression springs 52 reacting between the upper sides of the bearings 48 and the handles to draw abutments 53 at the lower ends of the rods against the lower sides of the bearings 48. p

Means are provided for introducing measured quantities of dye from the reservoirs Ma, |411, |4c, Md into the compartments 2Ia, 2lb, 2Ic, 2|d of the box 20 through the spouts 21. Such means include measuring cups 60a, Sub, 60e, 60d

(Figs. 1 and 2) connected with the reservoirs by conduits 6| and with the spouts by conduits 62. The conduits 6| and 62 contain valves 63, 64 (Figs. 3 and 4) which are operated by a handle 65 on a control shaft 66 so connected with the valves by arms 61, 68 (Fig. 2) that turning the handle'in one direction opens all the valves 63 While the valves 64 are closed, while turning the handle in the other direction opens the valves 64 while the valves 63 are closed. The capacity of each measuring cup lmay be varied by means of an adjustable closure 69 (Fig. 4) screwed into the upper end of the cup and provided with an air-vent opening 'l0 to which is connected a small pipe 1i extending above the liquid level in the dye reservoirs.

In the use of the apparatus which has been described, the clamping member 40 is rst swung up about its hinge, and, while it is thus out of the way, skeins of yarn to be dyed are spread out in the shallow box 20 so that intermediate parts of all the skeins extend across the ribs 22, While the remaining portions of the skeins rest on the perforated plates 30 in the compartments Zia, 2lb, 2Ic, 2id. The clamping member 40' is then closed so that its side and end walls rest on the side and end Walls of the box 20, and its intermediate transverse cross-pieces 42 clamp parts of the skeins against the ribs 22 of the box. For reasons hereinafter explained, only a moderate clamping pressure is necessary. The Weight of the clamping member is ordinarily sufficient to supply this pressure.

The next step is to turn the handle 65, which has previously been positioned to open the valves 63, to close these valves and open the valves 64 so as to admit measured quantities of different colored dyes from the measuring cups to the compartments Zia, 2lb, Zic, 2id. These quantities are not suicient to illl the compartments up to the top of the Walls 23, 24, so that no leakage occurs beween these walls and the side and end walls of the clamping member. The compartments are lled to a level either below or only slightly above the top of the ribs 22, so that there is substantially no hydrostatic pressure tending to force the dye into the portions of the skeins overlying these ribs. It is for this reason that a very tight clamping of these portions of the skeins is not required.

The next step is to depress each handle 5| a considerable number of times so as tocause the perforated plates 50 to depress the unclamped portions of the skeins into the dye and to repeatedly squeeze and release these portions. In this operation, the dye in each compartment is unconned as it is free to flow up through the perforations of the plates 5D at each downstroke of the plates. After the above-described operation, which has been termed puddling, has been continued for a sufficient length of time to completely saturate each unclamped portion of the skeins with dye, such excess dye as remains in the compartments is withdrawn by opening the valves 26 by means of a. common operating lever 26 (Figs. 1 and 3), and depressing each plate 50 once more to squeeze out through the perforations of the plates 30 any excess dye held in the dyed portions on the skeins. The clamping member 4U is then swung up on its hinge to permit removal of the dyed skeins and the placing of undyed skeins in the box 20.

cones, and the ribs at each side of the cleaning What is claimed is:

1. Multi-color dyeing apparatus, comprising an open dye trough having upstanding ridges dividing said dye trough into a plurality of compartments across which skeins of yarn may be placed, a movable clamping member adapted to clamp portions of such skeins against said ridges, a foraminous plate above each compartment of the trough, and means for moving said plates towards and away from the bottoms of the compartments while maintaining said portions of the skeins clamped against said ridges.

2. Multi-color dyeing apparatus, comprising a shallow dye trough having upstanding ridges separating said dye trough into a plurality of compartments, a clamping member hinged to the dye trough and having sides and ends adapted to rest on the sides and ends of the trough and intermediate clamping elements registering with the ridges of the trough, vertically movable elements mounted on the clamping member above the compartments of the trough, and a foraminous plate above each compartment secured to one of said vertically movable elements.

3. Multi-color dyeing apparatus, comprising a shallow dye trough having upstanding ridges dividing it into a plurality of compartments and provided with a valve-controlled drain opening in the bottom of each compartment, a foraminous plate in each compartment spaced from the bottom of ghe compartment, means for lling the compartments of the trough with different colored dyes substantially up to the level of said ridges, means for clamping against said ridges intermediate portions of skeins laid in the trough, movable foraminous plates located one above each compartment of the trough, and means for moving said plates towards and away from the plates in the compartments while maintaining the intermediate portions of the skeins clamped against said ridges.

4. Apparatus for selectively dyeing portions of a mass of loose textile material including means for isolating selected portions of said mass, means for submerging said isolated portions in various dye liquors, and means for pressing and releasing the material to cause extraction and absorption of the various dyes in the isolated portions thereof without building up hydrostatic pressure in the dye liquors.

5. Apparatus for selectively dyeing portions of a mass of loose textile material including a plurality of shallow dye baths, means for isolating selected portions of such mass in said dye baths,

and means for pressing and releasing the material in the baths to cause extraction and absorption of the dye therein while the dye in said baths is under atmosphericpressure.

6. Apparatus for dyeing loose masses of textile material including adjacent dye baths of various colors, means for holding isolated portions of said material in the various baths, and means for pressing said portions down into the dye to express entrained air, and then releasing the pressure on the material while submerged to cause absorption of the dye thereby.

LOUIS B. HASBROUCK. 

